ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of exercise on intestinal mechanical barrier and related regulatory factors in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The model was established by high-fat diet feeding and intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). The mice were divided into control group, model group (free exercise), resistance exercise group (tail load-bearing ladder climbing, 5 times a week), aerobic exercise group (non-load-bearing platform running, 5 times a week at a speed of 10-15 m/min), and combined exercise group (aerobic exercise was performed on the first, third and fifth days of each week, and resistance exercise on the second and fourth days of each week). After 8 weeks of intervention, the serum lipid levels and inflammatory cytokines were measured by corresponding kits. The pathological changes of ileum were detected by HE and PAS staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction-related proteins were detected by real-time qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Moreover, the protein expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) were detected by Western blot. The results showed that all three types of exercise decreased blood glucose and body weight compared to the model group. Aerobic exercise and combined exercise decreased serum lipid (triglycerides and total cholesterol) levels, up-regulated the expression levels of ileal tight junction-related proteins and HIF-1α, improved the intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, reduced serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels, and down-regulated MLCK protein expression level. These results suggest that all three types of exercise can reduce blood glucose and body weight of T2DM mice, and aerobic exercise and combined exercise can restore the damaged intestinal mechanical barrier by a mechanism involving HIF-1α-MLCK pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Blood Glucose , Body Weight , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , LipopolysaccharidesABSTRACT
A highly sensitive and selective bioluminescent probe for hydrazine (BPH) was designed, synthesized and evaluated for detection of hydrazine in vitro and in vivo. BPH was designed to include a specific recognition group (acetyl) of hydrazine at an appropriate modification site of the optical reporter hydroxyluciferin (D-luciferin), which showed excellent performance both in selectivity and sensitivity to hydrazine. The results showed that the bioluminescent probe BPH developed in this study is an innovative and widely applicable tool for detecting hydrazine in complex natural environment or in animals.
ABSTRACT
We investigated the therapeutic effect of Albizia julibrissin total saponins on mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.Thirty-six ICR mice infected with Trichinella spiralis were randomly divided into 6 groups (each mouse infected with 300 T.spiralis),6 mice in each.Group Ⅰ:infected non-treated group (intestinal phase);group Ⅱ..received Albizia julibrissin total saponins group (intestinal phase);group Ⅲ:received albendazole group (intestinal phase);group Ⅳ:infected nontreated group (muscular phase);group Ⅴ:received Albizia julibrissin total saponins group (muscular phase);group Ⅵ:received albendazole group (muscular phase).Mice of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ group were administered on the second days post-infection(dpi) and continued for 3 days.Mice in these groups were sacrificed 7th dpi and adult worms recovered from the small intestine were counted.Mice of Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ group were administered on the 7th dpi and continued for 14 d.The mice were sacrificed on 40th dpi,and the muscle larvae were counted.HE staining counts muscle larvae and the expression of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and COX-2 in the diaphragm were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results showed that the number of adult worms and larva in groups received Albizia julibrissin total saponins and albendazole were significantly lower than that of infected non-treated group (P＜0.01).The worms reduction rate was 70.34％ and 80.02％ respectively,and the larva were 65.60％ and 90.66％ respectively.Results of HE staining showed the number of encysted larval and the expression of inflammatory cell were significantly reduced.The expression of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and COX-2 was decreased in drug-treated groups.In conclusion,the total saponins of Albizia julibrissin showed adequate efficacy on Trichinella spiralis adults and encapsulated larva.Although the effect is slightly inferior to albendazole,as traditional Chinese medicine extract,it is less toxic.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of action of aspirin on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The right middle cerebral artery of the rat was occluded by inserting a thread through internal carotid artery for 2 h, and then reperfused for 24 h. Different doses of aspirin were intragastricly administrated at reperfusion 0 h and 6 h. The injured area of the brain and cerebral edema were estimated. The contents of prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane (TXA2), and endothelin (ET) in plasma were measured by 125I radioimmunoassay method. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma was measured by the nitrate reductase method. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brain tissue was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method. The superoxide dismutase content (SOD) in brain tissue was assayed by the xanthine oxidase method. The content of adenosin 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in brain tissue was separated by capillary electrophoresis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The injured area of the brain and the cerebral edema of occluded side were dramatically reduced after 6 and 60 mg.kg-1 doses of aspirin were administrated intragastricaly. The ratio of PGI2/TXA2 in plasma was increased by aspirin in a dose-dependent manner. In brain tissue of the occluded side, the MDA content was reduced from 9.0 +/- 0.75 to 6.48 +/- 0.74, and the ATP level was increased from 10.26 +/- 1.02 to 25.65 +/- 3.45 by the 60 mg.kg-1 dose of aspirin. No significant effect on SOD content was observed. In plasma, the NO content was significantly decreased from 24.76 +/- 1.88 to 8.17 +/- 0.79, and the ET level was increased from 254.85 +/- 21.14 to 278.43 +/- 16.79 by 6 mg.kg-1 dose of aspirin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The neuroprotective effects of aspirin on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats might be attributed to its effects by increasing the ratio of PGI2 and TXA2, reducing lipid peroxides and improving the energy metabolism.</p>